Racial Profiling In Cry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton

Cry, The Beloved Country In the novel Cry, the Beloved Country, Alan Paton reveals how blacks were treated unfairly because whites profiled them as being uneducated, poor, and criminals. Similarly, one of the key issues in America today is Racial Profiling which leads to white police officers shooting and sometimes killing blacks. This profiling is most likely the result of white police officers thinking that blacks are not educated, poor, and often commit crime. This essay will focus on the causes of racial profiling in society and how it could be avoided in the future. In the novel Cry, the Beloved Country Paton shows that Absalom, who was the son of Rev. Stephen Kumalo, shot and killed Arthur Jarvis, who was a white engineer and†¦show more content†¦These areas of non-white housing become full of crime, diseases, and poverty. Children start dying at early age, desperate people commit crimes to try to escape poverty, and young black men are thrown in jail, or killed. As ci ty boundaries become a way of life, non-whites try to enter white neighborhoods to steal from the whites. In many cases, white residents go after non-whites by profiling them if they are found in white neighborhoods. As a result, Black men and women are either punished or forced out of white only areas. Another incident happened to a 17 year old boy named Trayvon Martin an African American. On February 2012, Martin was shot by a 28 year old Hispanic neighborhood watch coordinator named George Zimmerman in Sanford, Florida. Zimmerman shot Martin, who was unarmed, during an argument between both of them. Zimmerman shot Trayvon Martin because he was a black walking through a neighborhood where he didn’t belong. Instead of taking a non violent approach Zimmerman quickly concluded after the argument that his life was in danger and felt justified to use deadly force to kill an unarmed man who was black. It is possible if Trayvon Martin had been white Zimmerman would have taken a softer approach to get rid of him from the neighborhood. Trayvon died because he was black and walking in a wealthy neighborhood where he did not live at

The Impact Of Advertising On The Portrayal Of Women

Advertisements has been around for decades, the main goal of advertising is to intrigue consumers. Producers spend billions of dollars yearly to sell their products. The aspect of advertising is to analyze and change the portrayal of women. I recently viewed an advertisement from Glamour magazine November 2013 issue, which I believe indeed is viewed as offensive. According to my sources â€Å"Beauty and the Beast of Advertising† and â€Å"Killing Us Softly 4† both by Jean Kilbourne, there many forms of offense in advertisements. The name of the advertisement I found is called â€Å"Josie Marian† which is named after an American model, actress and entrepreneur and it is quoted â€Å"What kind of nut puts oil on her face?† with subtitles â€Å"A nut like me†. The advertisement is a picture of Josie Maran smiling, and pointing both index fingers towards her face. This advertisement can be viewed as offensive to women because it illustrates that with th is product you will be beautiful and perfect. The company also quotes that there product is the best on the planet. Which is a broad statement, and will entice women that it is needed. This essay will describe how images, text, and settings of advertisements all work together to form offensive messages. The image of an advertisement is the most important to sell a product. There has been scientific studies that has proven women are shown almost exclusively always as sex objects or housewives. The images are artificial, most of the models seen inShow MoreRelatedAdvertising Advertisements And Body Image1645 Words   |  7 Pagesassist the advertising industry and SROs in ensuring that women and men continue to be portrayed positively and responsibly in advertising. History - WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS AND BODY IMAGE Authors have also attempted to correlate various demographic variables such as age and education, as well as geographic variables with preferences for role portrayals in advertising. Through the ages men have been considered to be financial providers, career-focused, assertive and independent, whereas women have beenRead MoreGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1636 Words   |  7 PagesGender Portrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements has on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, Advertising Professionals’Read MoreGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1505 Words   |  7 PagesGender Portrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements have on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, AdvertisingRead MoreAdvertising Bigotry: the Foundation888 Words   |  4 Pagestoday cause detrimental effects within our infrastructure. The lasting belief of women and African Americans’ inferiority and its harrowing portrayal in advertisements originates from the very distant past. Seemingly from the beginning of time, women all over the world were viewed as lesser individuals therefore they received lesser roles in their society. Since the 18th century, when America first began colonization, women were expected to accomp lish subsidiary household management tasks, such as cookingRead MoreA Modern Wall Street Journal Survey1537 Words   |  7 Pagesmore than half the fourth-grade girls were dieting and three-quarters fell they were overweight. Specifically, respondents in this study trust that women are not accurately depicted in advertising in Canada. Methodology In order to address the research propositions of the study, the encore needed a method for mention the types of pistillate portrayals featuring in the context of consumer magazine advertisements. Content analysis was chosen for it is the best at providing â€Å"a scientific, quantitativeRead MoreDoes Advertising Affect Self-Image1116 Words   |  5 Pagesof inadequacy and insecurity to sell us their products. While these marketers believe that advertising only mirrors societys values and alerts them to new products and bargains, they are either oblivious to their detrimental effects on society, specifically the teenage and female markets , or are ignorant to the truth. The Media Awareness Network evaluates the self-perceptions we gain from advertising whether it be false or strictly informational and the subliminal messaging we receive from theseRead MoreBrainwashing Youth : How Advertising Influences Children On Gender Images1496 Words   |  6 Pages Brainwashing Youth: How Advertising Influences Children on Gender Images For advertising companies, the topic of advertising to children is one that is very controversial and could lead to a lot of debate on whether it is even ethical to do so. None the less advertisements continue to be aired and targeted towards a particularly vulnerable group: children. At a young age it is a critical time for children. They are not only developing their mental and physical capabilities, but they are also developingRead MoreThe Media Is A Mirror Of Society, And If That Society Is1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe media is a mirror of society, and if that society is by any means influenced by stereotypes, the media will reflect it. Advertising, according to Erving Goffman, author of the book Gender Advertising, depicts how men and women behave as a social purpose and how today’s social purpose is highly unbalanced in men’s favor. Some people say that advertisers should be held accountable for the unethical images they present. Others, however, say that consume rs should be to blame because by buying theRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Media1011 Words   |  5 Pagesbringing peace after 20 years of crisis which was emphasized by both the respondent interviewees and focus groups. One of the focus group participants said that â€Å"when we finally see an end to this war, which might come soon, we should not forget the impact of the local radios.† For the past two years the FM stations have been running peace and reconciliation programmes in the northern Uganda to make a group of army surrender and come out of the bush. The rebels were mostly from Lira and other neighboringRead MoreEffect Of Gender And Gender Representation On Media1735 Words   |  7 Pagesanthropology and communication studies. Similar gender role expectations are not just restricted to Western culture either. A study on gender representation in East Asian advertising by Michael Prieler is a demonstration of the influence of gendered communication. The research examines the male and female representation in the advertising of East Asian countries like Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea. The common cultural background of Confucianism shapes gender relations because â€Å"the construction of gender

Oliver Twist Essay Paper Example For Students

Oliver Twist Essay Paper Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens is one of the most widely recognized and beloved stories of all time. The popularity of the novel and its author has made the book a frequent subject of literary criticism. Although the work has received mainly praise, some critics attack the novel. Since its publication, Charles Dickens Oliver Twist has evolved from being criticized as a social commentary and a work of art, to a literary and artistic composition. Charles Dickens was born Charles John Huffam Dickens on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Spending most of his childhood in London and Kent, Charles led a privileged life until 1824. It was then, while Charles was twelve years old, that his father, mother, and siblings were sent to debtors prison. Although Dickens escaped the same fate as his family, he was forced to support himself by working in a shoe-polish factory. The horrific conditions in the factory haunted Dickens for the rest of his life. Dickenss childhood experiences with the English legal system and in the factories made him a life-long champion of the poor. His novels are filled with downtrodden figures such as abused, impoverished orphans. He had a profound sympathy for childhood suffering and a strong desire for social reform that touches his work at almost every level. These themes heavily influence Oliver Twist (Charles Dickens). Dickens left the factory, educated himself, and in 1827 took a job as a legal clerk. After learning shorthand, he began working as a reporter in the courts and Parliament. The great detail and precise description that characterize Dickens style in his novels are accredited to his experience as a reporter. After finding success as a reporter, Dickens focused on writing novels. He wrote a best-selling collection of humorous stories called The Pickwick Papers about orphans. With his second novel, Oliver Twist, Dickens retained some of the humor and the title character of an orphan, but he wrote a book with a more complex plot and a grittier look at the horrors of London. Dickens list of literary accomplishments continues with Nicholas Nickleby (1839), Master Humphreys Clock (including Old Curiosity Shop and Barnaby Rudge 1840-1841), A Christmas Carol (1843), The Cricket on the Hearth (1845), Dombey and Son (1848), David Copperfield (1850), Bleak House (1853), Hard Times for These Times (1854), Little Dorrit (1857), A Tale of Two Cities (1859), Great Expectations (1861), Our Mutual Friend (1865), and The Mystery of Edwin Drood (unfinished 1870) (Dickens iv). Published in monthly installments in Bentleys Magazine before being released in its entirety, Oliver Twist, or The Parrish Boys Progress as it was also called, is the bildungsroman story of an orphan named Oliver Twist. The story begins with Olivers birth as an illegitimate child. His mother dies in childbirth and Bumble, a beadle for a local church, names the boy and takes him under his custody at the parish baby farm or orphanage. After defiantly asking for more food, Oliver is apprenticed to Mr. Sowerberry the undertaker. Clashes with other boys who ridicule him for not having a mother and being illegitimate get Oliver in more trouble. After running away, Oliver meets up with Jack Dawkins, the Artful Dodger. Oliver is brought to the hideout of Fagin, a master criminal and fencer of stolen goods, who decides to corrupt Oliver and use him in crimes. During a failed attempt to pick the pockets of a well-to-do businessman named Mr. Brownlow, Oliver is arrested. However, Mr. Brownlow c hooses not to press charges against the boy and instead brings Oliver home. After Oliver is nursed back to health, he is sent out on an errand for Mr. Brownlow. While out on this errand, Oliver is kidnapped and brought back to Fagan by Nancy and Sikes, two other members of the gang. Fagin once again sends Oliver out to assist at a robbery, where he is shot and left by the other thieves. The occupants of the house, Rose Maylie and her aunt, take to Oliver and believe his pleas of innocence. A new villain named Monks is introduced and he and Fagin plot to kill Oliver. In the complex plot, it is revealed that Oliver is Monks half-brother and the son of Mr. Brownlows old friend Mr. Leeford. Mr. Leeford left a will that Oliver would inherit his estate, but only if he grew up and avoided being a criminal, otherwise it would go to Monk. Monk and Fagin tried to corrupt Oliver so they could split the inheritance. Nancy, who helped Rose and Mr. Brownlow uncover the secrets of Olivers past, is confronted by Sikes for revealing the gangs secrets. She is brutally murdered because of her involvement in helping Oliver. In the end, the good prevail and the evil are punished as Sikes is hanged while trying to escape the police, Fagin is apprehended and condemned to be hanged, and Bumble loses his job. Oliver, his friends, and family enjoy a happy life in the English countryside. Web Influence Over Business EssayBut Dickens received some criticism for his gritty portrayal of criminal life. Since the idea of a social novel was unheard of, some objected to hearing about the facets of life they wanted to ignore. By forcing people to hear about life on the streets, Dickens attained part of his goal for the novel (Tomlin). Also questioning of Dickens work, David Philipson brings up an interesting point in his criticism of The Jew in English Fiction. Strange it is that Charles Dickens, who, contributed the most toward reforming social abuses, should have joined the vulgar cry, and marked his worst character as a Jew. Philipsons biting remarks hold true, making Dickens appear hypocritical. In Dickens defense, he did edit out almost all references to Fagin as a Jew in later editions (Schlicke 433). After the working conditions, child labor laws, and standard of living in England were improved, the incentive to criticize Oliver Twist for its social commentary faded. However, the criticisms of Oliver Twist as a literary work have continued from its publication through today. The critics of Dickens plot and structure are not as kind as his social critics were, regardless of era. In 1849, James Oliphant cites plots we find little to admire and much to condemn as the most serious problem in Oliver Twist. Oliphants biggest objections are to the lack of probability the events in the plot would occur. Going on to say that the remarkable coincidences are perfectly absurd, the book is too childish, and that the freedom a novelist has to arrange incidents to suit his purposes must be managed in a more convincing fashion, or the whole illusion is gone. Phillip Collins praises Dickens for originality in story, saying Oliver Twist was the first English novel centered on a child. But he too has a problem with the multiple coincidences of the plot that repeatedly deliver Oliver to all the right people, as well as the confusion caused by involved heritages and relations between characters. Flagrantly non-realistic were the words of Angus Wilson. There is no coherency i n the structure of the thing; the plot is utterly without ingenuity, the mysteries are so artificial as to be altogether uninteresting (Palmer 4). Some explanation for the incoherency in structure can and have been attributed to the format in which Dickens was writing Oliver Twist, stopping every month and trying to do so at a point that would keep readers interested and in suspense. Graham Greene provides another interesting twist in the importance of Oliver Twist. Greene opens by criticizing Oliver Twists lack of realism in plot and characters, saying that Dickens would not perfect this skill until later. The real genius of Oliver Twist, Greene argues, is the conflict between good and evil. It has Fagin and Sikes being the more interesting characters and a world without God. Consequently, the real interest in the novel is Olivers struggles between good and bad, and not his convenient ascension to the upper class. G.K. Chesterton has a more involved interpretation of Oliver Twist as a literary work. He states Oliver Twist is not of great value but of great importance. Some parts are so crude that one is tempted to say that Dickens would have been greater without it. Chesterton continues to assert that the importance of Oliver Twist lies less in its value as great literature than as an insight to the moral, personal, political and social character of Dickens, important for analyzing Dickens later, better crafted works. Although not as highly acclaimed as some of Dickens other works, Oliver Twist is a fascinating and touching story. The novel drew attention for being more than a great story, as it also helped to reform English law. Although Dickens objective of social reform has long been accomplished, the stories literary qualities keep it at the forefront of classic novels and criticism.

Should Drugs Be Legalised Article free essay sample

Juliette Hughes wrote an article for The Age newspaper about how she thinks drugs should be legalised. She used many different sorts of metalanguage techniques such as using expert’s opinion, appealing to people’s self-interest etc. Hughes is an ethicist; her point of view is from an ethical standpoint. Hughes used examples from history and scientific experiment. The intended audience is a mature audience, who are open minded about the legalisation of drugs. Hughes starts off by talking about cannabis and the effect it has. This leads to talking about drug users being criminalised and how she opposes. Hughes writes â€Å"whether we approve of the activity or not, it is not ethical to punish people for what they do to themselves. † She is appealing to self-interest; it is making the reader think if they were punished for something that they choose to do to themselves. Hughes uses an appeal to hip pocket when she uses the example from the UN’s Office on Drugs and Crime have estimated the global drug trade is $US321 billion, she states that it will be a saving on money and social capital could be directed towards rehabilitation and support for families who are also affected by substance abuse. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Drugs Be Legalised Article or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She appeals to parents when she writes â€Å"Banning something only makes vulnerable young rebels think it’s cool† implying that the youth may be more attracted to forbidden fruit if it made them look more cool. She uses a historic example from when the US banned alcohol from 1920 to 1933, she explains how having prohibition only criminalised most of the population and entrench organise crime. She uses scientific experiments to support her point. She uses a study done in 2005 by Dutch scientists which was published in the British Medical Journal, which showed that prescribing heroin made everyone win. She appeals to community values when she explains that the research shows the users had a better quality life and the community benefited from reduced crime. Hughes uses formal language throughout the article, using words such as â€Å"oxymoronic nexus. † This adds to the point of view that Hughes is trying to get across. Using formal language shows how serious she is about the topic and adds to the tone of the article which is serious and sophisticated. She does a small part of a rebuttal when she mentions drugs being used in sports, she writes â€Å"it is cheating and should be stopped. † In conclusion, Juliette Hughes used a wide variety of metalanguage. Using appeals, historic examples, scientific examples and formal language, she was able to effectively get her point of view across to her intended audience.