Zero Tolerance And Its Contribution On The School And...

Zero Tolerance and its Contribution to the School-to-Prison Pipeline A trend has developed in our society in recent decades. This concerning trend shows that African American youth are finding their way into the criminal justice system at a much higher rate than their peers. This trend starts in schools where students as young as fifth graders are being suspended from school for minor issues. Police officers are being used more and more to handle situations in the schools rather than teachers. Does this kind of discipline really help students of color or does it have the opposite effect? When taken out of school for disciplinary reasons, African American student’s behaviors do not improve but criminal activity is more likely. School†¦show more content†¦The literature agrees that these policies are not helping and are too extreme in response to student’s behaviors. According to Heitzeg (2009), The GFSA mandates that all schools that receive federal funding must 1) have policies to expel for a calendar year any student who bring s a firearm to school or to school zone, and 2) report that student to local law enforcement (pp. 8-9). The zero tolerance policy are too extreme Zero tolerance started as a way to keep guns out of schools until the staff at school started to use it as a way to report and punish non serious offences (Heitzeg, 2009). It use to be that only violent students that brought weapons such as guns were kicked out of school but as time went on, it become easy for schools to remove students for minor offences. It is easier to send students home and let their parents deal with them rather than spend valuable time and resources to try to solve the issues at hand. However, the impact of sending them home is that the students are frightened and shamed for just being kids. According to Bush (2014), an Ohio fifth grader was recently suspended from his elementary school for three days because he pointed his finger â€Å"in the shape of a gun† and pulled an imaginary trigger while playing with his friends; the later from the principal to the parents cited his finger as a â€Å"level 2 lookalike firearm† (as cited in Wilson,. 2014, p. 50). Such action on the kid’s part is widely accepted in otherShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of School Policies And Analysis Strategies1177 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"During the last twenty years, schools across the nation have dropped their values for suspending and expelling students. The subsequent trends in punitive policy enforcement are conspicuous in a great number of states. â€Å"The national number of suspensions has increased from approximately 1.7 million in 1974 to more than 3.3 million in 2006. More recently, during the 2009–2010 school year, a reported 3,081,240.55 children were susp ended at least once. With reference to expulsions nationally, in 2006Read MoreThe School to Prison Pipeline2688 Words   |  11 PagesThe School to Prison Pipeline: The Criminalization of American Students The School to Prison Pipeline: The Criminalization of American Students Kimberly N. Wright Western Governors University Introduction Your permanent record! The thing that was held over most of our heads when we were in school. Your teacher or maybe your parents threatened that your bad behavior was going to end up on your â€Å"permanent record† and ruin your life. We shrugged them off, thoughtRead MoreZero Tolerance Policies And School Discipline10009 Words   |  41 Pagesthat funnels millions of students from school into the juvenile justice system (Robinson, 2013). This dilemma, known as the school-to-prison pipeline is garnering much attention in Virginia due to the states continued issues in overcoming the phenomenon. This study explores zero tolerance policies and school discipline to better understand its effect in to bring awareness to an issue that may help in dismantling this pipeline. Particularly looking at those school divisions within Virginia that haveRead MoreRacial Disparities Of Black Students1542 Words   |  7 PagesFor decades there has been research conducted on the racial disproportion of black student’s suspension in schools compared to white students (Skiba et al., 2000; Skiba et al., 2002; Wald and Losen, 2003; Welsh and Payne, 2010; Kinsler, 2011; Wright et al., 2014). Recently, the Department of Education Office for Civil Rights (2014) study revealed that black students were three times more likely to be suspend and 3.5 times more likely than their white peers to be expelled. In the studies conductedRead MoreThe Alarming Rate Of Juvenile Incarceration Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesgovernment places some of these children in prisons, including adult prisons, leavin g them to fend for themselves. What is even more disturbing, is the institution that was created to provide students with an education, guidance and future is one of the leading causes of child incarceration besides poverty. This institution is school and this process is also known as the school-to-prison-pipeline. And for those children who do find themselves in prison, there is no help, no opportunities or properRead MoreThe Psychological Identity Of Black Children During The Historic Brown Vs. The Board Of Education Of Topeka1871 Words   |  8 PagesColumbia University where he would become the first black man to earn a Ph.D. in psychology (Kennedy, 2015). While at Columbia University, he was associated with Gunnar Myrdal, a Swedish economist known for both his study of race relations and his contributions to desegregation in the United States (Larson, 2014). Both Clarks are tied to the Civil Rights Movement and their work is aligned with the social reconstructionist curriculu m ideology of the time period. Both Clarks define the ideal of what W.ERead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; Lecturer, Charles University, Czech Republic, and Comenius University, Slovakia; Instructor, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesoccupational groups and industries will require more educated workers in the coming years. The number of jobs requiring advanced knowledge is expected to grow at a much more rapid rate than the nu mber of other jobs. This growth means that people without high school diplomas or appropriate college degrees increasingly will be at a disadvantage, as their employment opportunities are confined to the lowest-paying service jobs. In short, there is a growing gap between the knowledge and skills required by many jobsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespursuit of increased efï ¬ ciency. †¢ Identify the principles of administration and organization that underlie effective organizations. †¢ Trace the changes in theories about how managers should behave to motivate and control employees. †¢ Explain the contributions of management science to the efï ¬ cient use of organizational resources. †¢ Explain why the study of the external environment and its impact on an organization has become a central issue in management thought. 18 Jones−George: ContemporaryRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagescourts have held that organizations have the right to monitor employees’ email. Such monitoring can have disastrous effects on employee morale, however. On the other hand, it might provide legitimate information about group members’ individual contributions and productivity. b. To what extent should management monitor which Web sites employees visit? Students are likely to argue whether or not this should be done. One potential benefit that could be argued is the likelihood that if employees are

Video Gameplay Of Video Games - 1617 Words

Video Gaming has played a major factor for video gamers worldwide, this brings the expertise of video game developers to develop the next generation of video games. Video gamers(?) in Japan and the United States share the enjoyment in playing video games. What is the history behind video games? What are the prices of video games in Japanese? What are the prices of video games in the United States? How are American and Japanese video games are different? There are similarities and differences in both cultures in video games. The history behind video games all started with theis console, invented was a rectangular brown cube with two attached controllers, and its name was â€Å"Brown Box†. Ralph H. Baer was the inventor of this console, which it was released in 1967. He made it to where it can be connected to any ordinary television set. They were six games for this console including: Ping-Pong, tennis, handball, volleyball, chase games and a light-gun game. In 1975, Atari ma rketed the PONG arcade machine. In the same year Magnavox released Odyssey 100 and 200. Nintendo released its first console in Japan in 1977. In the 1980’s video games became very popular. Many people became bored of the PONG like games and wanted something new. They made games such as Pac-man (1980), Mario Bros (1983), The Legend of Zelda (1986), Final Fantasy (1987), Golden Axe (1988), etc. The video game industry soon shifted to making cartridge video games instead of built in games (this is a directShow MoreRelatedVideo Gameplay Of The Games Consoles2188 Words   |  9 Pagesthis essay is Games Consoles; this particular industry was chosen because I have a personal interest and knowledge of the market, which I believe, will help me towards analysing it. The Games consoles industry includes both static and portable consoles, static consoles being devices which are played through a television as opposed to portable devices which can be played on phones and tablets. Accordi ng to (Mintel 2014) there is currently a big three who dominate the static games consoles - XboxRead MoreGameplay Video Game Platforms For The Future1156 Words   |  5 PagesFormatting Video Game Platforms for the Future Video games have hugely impacted world culture since the late 1970’s. Video game companies like Atari and Midway helped lead this digital revolution by introducing arcade games such as Pong, Pac-Man, and Asteroids. Though Atari and Midway receive the most recognition for beginning this videogame revolution, none of this would have been possible if not for Japanese companies like Namco and Taito, who created the software for such games. Because of companiesRead MoreThe visual style of video game can very on a huge scale. Each game will have a different style1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe visual style of video game can very on a huge scale. Each game will have a different style including terrain, architecture objects. These combined will make each game unique. Video games have featured terrain since the earliest 3D games were made. Terrain is the entire landscape of the game this can include Hills, Plains Mountains. These would all be created to match the visual style of the game. E.g. if you were creating terrain for Skyrim it would be set in the past so the building wouldRead MoreHow Video Games Draw Us In and Hold Us Spellbound2382 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"A game is an opportunity to focus our energy, with relentless optimism, at something we’re good at (or getting better at) and enjoy. In other words, gameplay is the direct emotional opposite of depression.† ― Jane McGonigal, Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the Worldâ€Æ' ...But our princess is in another castle! - toad, Super Mario The implementation of player motivation within games has been experimented with since the dawn of games to produce the perfect formulaRead MorePlayer Modes Of Video Games1502 Words   |  7 PagesPlayer Modes in Video Games Player mode selection is not an option in every game, but there are specific player modes designed in all game genres to best serve every kind of gamer. Video games have become more popular in the past couple of decades, providing the uprising of advertisement and stores which cater to the hobby. Developers compete to pump out quantity and quality. Consequently, games have evolved beyond graphics alone. Now games come packed with achievements, leaderboards, side questsRead MoreArtificial Intelligence and Video Games Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagestold that we can create these brains and apply them to many other video game antagonists, like the ghosts from Pac Man or even the opposing team in Madden? These â€Å"artificial brains† are a product of a technology called artificial intelligence (AI). AI in video games can be applied to nearly anything, such as a boss as big as a city to a bird soaring in the sky. They are used to create a sense of realism in what that item in the game would actually do in real life. AI uses many sets of complex algorithmsRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1324 Words   |  6 PagesProblem of video game popularity causing a decrease in student achievement With todays rising generations being raised in a more technologically advanced world than ever before, video games are taking over more of our childrens lives. Many parents are left to worry and wonder about how these time syncs are affecting these future generations. With todays young generation of kids ages from thirteen and up averaging a staggering eight and a half hours of gameplay a week. Compared to the prosperousRead MoreVideo Games: Good or Bad? Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Games: Good or Bad? The battle of researchers, depicting whether video games are beneficial or detrimental to children seems to be a new but ongoing argument. With advances in technology and the overwhelming effect of video game entertainment, whether on a computer, video game system, or hand-held device, it is increasingly difficult for parents to monitor their children while occupying their time playing these games. There is more negative research versus positive especially since theRead MoreReaching the Next Level: The Rise of Video Game Popularity688 Words   |  3 Pages The video game industry has grown into a colossus of today’s business world over the past forty-three years. Constantly adapting to the changing market, in order to make a profit off of a popular form of entertainment, the video game industry is continually expanding. But, two very important questions, about the industry, exist: Why has the industry become so popular, and where will that popularity lead? By the trend that the industry has shown video game popularity is due in part to the industry’sRead MoreSynopsis Of Storytelling Games 1720 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: Storytelling in games gives the gamers the opportunity to be involved in the game, experience the characters, stimulate feelings like fear and excitement and let the player know they make situations happen and the choices they make affect the outcome as well as motivate them to continue on. Background: After reading parts of The Storytelling Animal, it was clear that storytelling is in everything. As an avid videogame player it was evident that many of the games that people play, like Battlefield

Functional Orthodontics free essay sample

Obviously, Functional orthodontic treatment is more complicated and more involved; however, if done correctly, it can enhance facial profile and facial appearance. Functional Orthodontic treatment can, not only enhance and harmonize facial appearance, but it can often help to alleviate multitude of medical problems. Vast bodies of literature research as well as Dr. Jefferson’s many years of clinical observations have shown that multitude of medical problems may be related to poor facial profiles, poor jaw alignments, and narrow mouths. By correctly harmonizing the facial-skeletal structures through Functional Orthodontic treatment, medical problems such as temporomandibular disorders, migraine headaches, neck-shoulder-back pains, dizziness, ringing in the ears, hearing problems, upper airway obstructions/mouth breathing, sleep disorders/sleep apnea, and other problems may be alleviated. There are many examples of problems associated with facial-skeletal disharmony and medical problems. For example, individuals with narrow mouths and high palatal vaults often have narrow and compressed sinuses. By expanding the mouth with expansion appliances, the sinuses widen and allow more efficient airflow. Other examples can be found with individuals who tend to have recessed, small weak chins. Oftentimes, the chins are recessed because of bad bite causing the lower jaw to bite too far back. This can cause the jaw joints to impinge against the skull joint area called glenoid fossa. This condition can cause temporomandibular disorder, migraine headaches, popping and clicking of the joints, and many other symptoms. In severe cases, damaged jaw joints can lock preventing individuals to open their mouths normally. Furthermore, when the jaw is recessed back, it can press against the throat area, which can cause airway obstruction in the throat. The inability to breathe efficiently can often cause individuals to suffer from sleep disorder/sleep apnea. Functional appliances can permanently reposition the lower jaw forward and allow more efficient airflow and proper oxygenation in the circulatory system. Upper airway obstruction/mouth breathing can cause sleep disorder/sleep apnea in both children and adults. Poor respiration and poor oxygen exchange can cause less concentration of oxygen in the circulatory system. The heart must pump and work harder to circulate the blood more to bring enough oxygen to vital organs such as the brain. This can cause many individuals to suffer from high blood pressure and heart disease. Over time, the overworked heart enlarges causing a condition called cor pulmonale. Many of these individual can die from heart attacks, often in their sleep. Sleep apnea can, not only negatively impact on total health and wellness and quality of life, but can reduce life expectancy on the average of 8 years. It can be life threatening. Children with mouth breathing problems often have sleep disorders. Sound sleep is crucial for growth and development. Growth hormones are produced during deep sleep, delta phase sleep. Without proper sleep, children are often small and slight. Poor sleep can also contribute to inattentiveness and poor academic performance. These children are often frustrated and exhibit behavior problems. They are often diagnosed with ADD and hyperactivity. Dr. Jefferson and his associates treat mouth-breathing problems. They can screen for mouth breathing in children and adults, and this condition can be treated. One may wonder why all orthodontic practitioners do not treat all patients with Functional Orthodontic treatments. It is because currently there are two schools of thoughts. One school teaches that abnormal facial and dental features are caused by genetics. These practitioners feel that the facial skeletal structures are genetically determined and therefore cannot be changed. The other school teaches that abnormal facial and dental features are caused by environmental factors. Since environmental factors, and not genetics, caused the abnormal facial and dental growth, then the facial-skeletal structures can be changed to a more ideal and harmonious shape and position. Dr. Jefferson and his associates firmly believes that many unattractive facial and dental features are predominantly caused by environmental factors, and he treats all his orthodontic patients with Functional Orthodontic therapy. Many patients seek orthodontic treatment because of crowding and crooked teeth. Oftentimes, the teeth are crowded because the mouth is narrow. Those practitioners that believe that the mouth is narrow due to genetics and believe that the shape of the mouth cannot be changed will often extract 4 teeth, usually four premolars to make room for the crowded teeth. This is called ‘’traditional 4 bicuspid extraction techniques. ’’ Those practitioners that believe environmental factors caused the mouth to become narrow will use expansion appliances to widen the mouth. When the mouth is widened, space is gained and the teeth then can be aligned. This is called â€Å"non-extraction , functional appliance technique. Some practitioners do not feel that orthodontic treatment can affect facial appearance and the health of the temporomandibular joints, while others feel otherwise. Dr. Jefferson feels that moving teeth alone and/or moving the upper and/or lower jaw with functional appliances can affect facial appearance and the health of the temporo-mandibular joints. Two patient cases will be presented here to show how different treatment technique may affect facial appearance and TM joints. Case 1 is a patient that was treated by traditional 4 bicuspid extraction by another orthodontic practitioner. Dentally, note the smallish, narrow smile. Facially, note her flattened profile. Her lower jaw is also pushed back and/or is vertically short (short face syndrome), causing the TM joints to compress against an area of the skull called glenoid fossa. This joint compression may cause temporomandibular disorder (TMD), headaches, dizziness, ringing in the ears, neck-back-shoulder problems, and many other problems. Case 1. Traditional, 4 bicuspid extractions tend to maintain a narrow face, and a flattened profile. Case 1. Note 4 bicuspids missing. Note that the dental arch and smile to be narrow. Case 2 is a patient treated by Dr. Jefferson using the Functional, non-extraction technique. This patient came to his office, so pretreatment and post treatment photographs can be shown. The following picture shows patients actual models. First set is pretreatment models. Note the narrow mouth and crooked teeth. The second set in white models show the upper and lower Schwarz appliance to widen the upper and lower jaws. The third set of models show post treatment models. Note widened mouth and nice alignment of teeth. Three sets of Schwarz appliance and braces were used to obtain this treatment result. No permanent teeth were extracted. 1st model, pretreatment. nd model, Schwarz appliance. 3rd model post treatment. Case 2, shows pretreatment facial and dental photographs. Case 2. Pretreatment facial photographs. Case 2. Pretreatment dental photographs. Case 2. Post treatment facial photographs, treated via Non-extraction Functional Orthodontics. Case 2. Post treatment dental photographs. Dr. Jefferson published an arti cle in the Australasian Dentist, describing a technique he developed to treat crowded teeth, retrusive lower jaw, and short face syndrome, using a technique called Fix-A-Nator. It is a non-extraction Functional Orthodontic therapy using a fixed functional appliance. This treatment does not use removable appliances. Please be advised that in no way, is Dr. Jefferson implying that one technique is better than the other. However, it is up to you, as potential orthodontic patients for yourself or your child, to know that there are different orthodontic techniques. There is enough information in the public domain, most notably through the internet, for you to read and find out which treatment technique is best for you. There are treatment options, and you should be well informed to make proper decision as to which treatment option is best for you or your child. Dr. Jefferson and his associates do the non-extraction, functional appliance technique. In some cases, he may recommend second molar replacements which has been found to be more stable with less relapse if patients stop wearing retainers. If you would like to learn more about Dr. Jeffersons treatment philosophy, please check out his other website: facialbeauty. org. If you would like to make an initial consultation with Dr. Jefferson, please call 609-261-1199. There is no charge for initial consultation.

Effective Memos and Emails

A person, who working in a professional business setting, has to have well-developed communication skills, in order express his/her thoughts clearly and persuade others. The ability to write effective memorandums and emails is also critical for administrators or entrepreneurs who have to interact with frontline personnel, colleagues, or senior executives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Memos and Emails specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is aimed at discussing the relevance of memos and emails to business communication and the reasons why employees should be able to write them properly. Overall, it is possible to argue that effective business writing is critical for the exchange of information within an organization and even the professional growth of an individual. This is why this issue should not be overlooked by students and professionals who take effort to elaborate their writing skills. T his is the main argument that can be put forward. First of all, it should be noted that business communication is often affected by time constraints, and leaders often have to take urgent decisions that can profoundly influence the performance of their businesses. Therefore, an individual should be able to write in a concise and clear way so that other people could easily grasp the gist of his/her announcements, recommendations, or reports. This issue is particularly important when one speaks about memorandum or memos. These documents can serve several letters. For instance, they are supposed to describe the actions that were taken by the personnel. Secondly, they are aimed at identifying the difficulties or challenges that an organization faces (Stuart 204). Furthermore, in these documents business administrators can propose strategies that can solve certain problems (Kolin 133). These examples suggest that memos can be related to various organizational activities. Moreover, they c an be intended for almost every employee of a company. Therefore, an individual, who wants to succeed in the business setting, should be able to write effective memos. Without this skill, many ideas of this person may not be understood by others, even when they are useful or innovative. Furthermore, the arguments of this employee can be misinterpreted, and this can lead to the adoption of poor strategies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Again, one should bear in mind that poor communication can have adverse effects on an organization, especially at the time when it has to resolve some urgent problems. Therefore, a good business administrator should be able to write effective memos in order to cope with his/her duties. This is one of the reasons why this skill is so important. Furthermore, one should not forget about the needs of readers who expect other people other to expre ss their opinions in a clear way. If a memo contains spelling mistakes, typos or inaccuracies, they can come to the conclusion, that the writer is an irresponsible employee who cannot be relied on. Thus, it is important to consider that writing produces a powerful impression on the reader, and this impression is important in the business world. Apart from that, one should not forget about emails that are vital for the communication in a company. In this case, much attention should be paid to the so-called business emails that have some important characteristics. For example, they can be used a legal records, because the writer represents an entire organization (Kolin 145). Therefore, employees should carefully proofread their electronic messages that can be read senior executives. Furthermore, they should be formatted properly. Overall, this skill is particularly important nowadays, when information technologies have transformed the communication within organization. In the future, emails will probably play a more important role because modern companies often operate at an international level (Stuart 204). This is why effective emails are vital for business administrators. Although people are accustomed to sending messages via an Internet, business letters have to correspond to certain standards. For example, they should be limited to one screen and broken into short paragraphs (Kolin 146). Furthermore, they should not contain any abbreviations that are typical of personal emails. These are the rules that are often overlooked by people working in business settings. Again, one can say that the ability to write effective emails is vital for business communication and responsiveness of a company to changes, difficulties, or problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Memos and Emails specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, students and sometimes even professionals learn more about writing business emails. Finally, managers and entrepreneurs should remember that people often judge a person by his/her written messages such as emails or memos. This is why it is necessary to focus on the development of their writing skills. On the whole, these examples show that excellent communication skills are vital for people working in business settings. Memos and emails are probably the most widespread forms of written communication within many companies. Moreover, such documents have to meet specific standards that are set for business communication. Therefore, one should take some time in order to learn how to write effective memos or emails. These skills are vital for the exchange of information within private companies or public organizations. More importantly, the failure to acquire and develop these skills can prevent even a competent employee from making a successful career. Works Cited Kolin, Phillip. Successful Writing at Work, New York: Cengage Learning, 2012. Pr int. Stuart, Bonnye. Integrated Business Communication: In a Global Marketplace, New York: John Wiley Sons, 2007. Print. This essay on Effective Memos and Emails was written and submitted by user Asia Lott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Demise of the Dinosaurs essays

The Demise of the Dinosaurs essays Dinosaurs were a specific group of animals that lived in the Triassic era. They were reptiles that belonged to a subclass named archosaurs. Scientists describe the archosaurs as the class of ruling reptiles. The class also entails crocodiles and birds. The study of dinosaurs began in the 19th century where a group of scientists made the discovery of a large reptile that resembled a large lizard. Sir Richard Owen is the English paleontologist that came up with the name dinosaur. The term was derived after the paleontologist made the discovery that the animal belonged to a special reptile group that existed in the past. After the first discovery of the animal, numerous fossils of the reptile have been discovered in different parts of the globe. The fossils had different appearances but appeared to belong to one species. Mass extinction events have occured five times in the history of the earth. The first event took place during the final period of the Ordovician. The fossil record indicates that 60% of the genera that belonged to the marine and terrestrial life became exterminated. The second extinction event took place almost 360 million years during the final part of the Devonian period. The natural environment nurtured reefs for thirteen million years. It turned and became hostile leading to the extinction event. The final years of the Permian, extinction discloses that the earth lost life. Scientists explain that 80-95% of marine life species became extinct (Paul, 2010). The final parts of the Triassic period claimed half of marine invertebrates. Research indicates that 80% of the land quadreplates also died. The cretaceous is also an extinction period that took place sixty-five million years ago. This period is associated with the extinction of dinosaurs from the earth. Paleontologists expla in that no large animal managed to survive during the period. The broader understanding of the cretaceous extermination plays a large ...

Marketing plan of KFC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing plan of KFC - Research Paper Example KFC has a clear cut marketing objective to gain competitive advantages in the market. In course of that the organization uses marketing as an effective weapon. Competitive supremacy with the help of attractive and effective marketing strategy is an inseparable part of their marketing objectives. The organization has stakeholders like investors and franchises. Marketing objectives of the company are also being decided to attract the investors and franchisees. The organization is trying to diversify its portfolio of food items to target more customers. The company has a prominent marketing objective to introduce the newly added food items into the market (Jurevicius, 2013).With the help of strong financial situation the organization can mitigate the threat of market saturation by opening new stores in the developing economies. Target markets of the organization are the individuals who have hectic lifestyles. People who want to give more time to the work rather than food making, the org anization targets those customers. These kinds of customers are very busy in their life styles. The company also targets middle and high income people. Due to the nature of their business KFC intentionally targets urban and suburban places. Population of the urban areas is generally more than the population of the rural areas. People of the urban areas have much more disposable incomes than the people of the rural areas. These areas generate significant revenues for the company. That is why KFC has chosen these kinds of markets (Miah, 2014).

Citibank's E-Business Strategy for Global Corporate Banking Case Study

Citibank's E-Business Strategy for Global Corporate Banking - Case Study Example The present research has identified that technology has brought enormous changes to the business practices. Talking about businesses, technology is not restricted to any one kind of business. With the changing technology it has become an essential part of the business practices to adapt accordingly. Changes in technology have been followed globally and by every business sector. One of the most important technologies that have caused the most powerful impact on the businesses is â€Å"Internet†. It has revolutionized the ways of doing business. The most enticing change that it has brought by the â€Å"Internet† is â€Å"E-Commerce†. Firms and industries have shifted towards E-commerce. Many firms have used this technology to set their competitive advantage. Use of internet for conducting business has helped in globalization. It has changed the dimensions of competition throughout the world. Use of internet has transformed the firms’ relationships with the c ustomers, employees, suppliers and other logistic partners. E-commerce is basically the use of internet technology to buy and sell goods. E-commerce has led to the emergence of new markets. It has led to the reduction in costs. Many firms that were unable to adapt the concept of using E-commerce have suffered. As mentioned before, E-commerce is not restricted to any one business sector. Banking is one sector that has faced a huge impact of E-commerce on its business practices; to such an extent that E-commerce has now become directly linked with the profitability (BECKER, S. A. 2008; MEHTA, V., SUDAN, A. S., & DAWRA, S. 2003; MALHOTRA.P &SINGH.B. 2009) Use of internet has changed the customer needs and expectations. It has also influenced the strategic decision-making of the firms. Banking sector had to come up ways in order to successfully adapt to this new technology. They needed a way to translate their traditional strengths into an internet-based business model so it could add m ore value for the customers. Use of internet has changed the infrastructure for the delivering of goods. Is has increased the time-span for the customers. Now they can connect with the bank at anytime and anywhere. This means that there has been an increase in the banking hours and customers can avail the banking facilities at anytime; especially the transaction facilities. Use of internet to facilitate the routine business practices has led to an immense increase in competition between the firms. Even the use of internet has to be done in a differentiated way. This is exactly how the Citibank incorporated this revolutionary technology into its business model. It not only proved to be successful but set an example for all the other firms that are present within the banking sector (BECKER, S. A. 2008; ENGLER, H., & ESSINGER, J. 2000; UNITED NATIONS. 1998) Point of Differentiation At the end of 1990, Citibank made a change to its corporate bank activities. It changed its corporate bus iness strategy form decentralized to centralized strategy. The bank aimed to build a single