Feckless

Careless Careless Careless By Maeve Maddox A peruser has pointed out my a flood in the utilization of the word careless in the American press. A Web search accumulates 1,550,000 hits. Careless gets from feck, a vernacular word potentially framed by a semantic procedure called aphaeresis: â€Å"omission of at least one sounds or letters from the earliest starting point of a word.† Instances of aphaeresis include: assistant from esquire and coon from raccoon. Feck, which is reported as right on time as the fourteenth century, is likely a shortening of the thing impact. Feck is â€Å"energy and gumption.† An individual with feck completes things. At the point when used to allude to a thing, the descriptive word careless methods, â€Å"valueless, purposeless, or feeble.† Used to allude to an individual or a person’s activities, carefree methods, â€Å"lacking vitality; frail, helpless.† In present day use, carefree is utilized mainly as an equivalent word for untrustworthy or indolent. This last utilization of carefree is particularly regular in the British press in features and articles identifying with social government assistance programs: Englands most carefree dad? Jobless father of 10 is expecting FOUR additional kids â€The Telegraph. Lets get the carefree to purchase food not fags and liquor â€MailOnline. Nobody would consider her [a youthful unmarried mother of four kids, by two distinct men, and expecting her fifth] to be something besides careless and unreliable. â€The Independent. The Oxfam report †â€Å"Walking The Breadline,† distributed in June this year, expresses that a large portion of a million people in the UK depend on food banks. However the Government places their fingers in their ears, accusing carefree child rearing and scroungers. â€The Guardian. Here are a few models in settings other than conversations of government assistance beneficiaries: Given their careless reputation, OK truly trust Apple with (much a greater amount of) your advanced life? â€Source questionable; the remark shows up on various locales. One striking component in each of the three works is the way seriously the men do; how careless they are, the means by which slippery, tearful, self-fixated and brutal. â€Review of an assortment of three short stories by Bernhard Schlink. Since the typical utilization of careless is to depict individuals or activities ailing in will or mindful reason, a portion of the models I discovered left me somewhat confounded: Erase a Feckless Effect from Filler Edgar Steele’s Feckless Racism Here are some certain fire home cures and tips to dispose of your carefree and dormant hair. Something contrary to fecklessâ€feckful (incredible, powerful, effective, vigorous)â€is utilized earnestly in an OED reference dated 1568: I culd nocht cumwithout aggregate gret and fecfull purpois. [I couldn't comewithout some extraordinary and feckful purpose.] Anybody utilizing the positive modifier feckful these days would focus on hilarious impact, as in this 1990 citation from The New York Times: The unfailingly careless Bertie Wooster and his valet, the considerably feckful Jeeves. Once in a while carefree is the ideal decision, yet once in a while not. Here is a determination of words that may serve better in certain specific circumstances: garbage inactive sluggish bumbling reckless lethargic ne’er-progress admirably no-account lazy sorry pointless useless David Auburn, dramatist and supporter of the Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus, says this regarding careless: The vulgar sounding first syllable gives punch and a demeanor of brutal judgment to the equivalent word for reckless, passing on â€Å"not only unreliable yet additionally unpardonably carefree, and in one’s gaiety, causing extraordinary harm.† Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Coordinating versus Subjecting ConjunctionsRules for Capitalization in TitlesParticular versus Explicit

Effect of Intoxication on Generosity | Article Analysis

Impact of Intoxication on Generosity | Article Analysis In their 50thâ volume, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology distributed an article named â€Å"Focused On Fairness: Alcohol Intoxication Increases the Costly Rejection of Inequitable Rewards† in which they investigated the impacts of liquor in regards to a people affinity to acknowledge an arrangement in with there exists out of line rewards. In the principal study, members were enrolled from outside of bars in Pittsburg, PA somewhere in the range of 9pm and 3am to play an altered final proposal game with affordable prizes. This kind of field explore was picked so as to both discover a pool of subjects that were new to mental examinations and test financial games, just as consider members to toast their favored degree of inebriation, which may contrast from what they would have been exposed to in a lab setting. Subjects had their BAC tried and afterward continued to be secluded in work areas where they would finish the investigation. Subjects were persuaded they were playing against another live human, however in reality they were playing against a PC program. Subjects were given 100 pennies to play with in each round, choosing the amount to offer their accomplice and the amount to save for themselves, and afterward would present their proposals to their accomplice who might either acknowledge or dismiss the offer and afterward continue to start another round with the jobs having been exchanged. The PC program that the members played with would acknowledge any offer >30 pennies and deny any offer The examination basically demonstrated that while inebriation may have no impact on liberality or fairness of offers, it had an impact on a subject’s affinity to dismiss uncalled for offers. Higher BAC mirrored an improved probability of dismissing an uncalled for proposition, yet it made little difference to probability of proposing or tolerating liberal or potentially reasonable offers.

Develop a Services Marketing Plan of Fitness First Research Paper

Essay Overview of Firefighting as a Career - 1768 Words

My chosen career field is in public service. Precisely a career in firefighting. I believe firefighting is a great career choice as I enjoy the work that it involves, and there is a demand that will never stop for firefighters, as fire will always be around forever. The fire department offers a large variety of services to the public. Some of the major tasks that are performed in the fire service range from providing medical care as an Emergency Medical Technician, Entering a burning structure to search for any trapped occupants, suppressing the fire from the exterior or interior, removing a victim that is trapped inside a vehicle involved in an accident, cutting up a tree that fell over the roadway, to helping the elderly up into bed†¦show more content†¦The need for help is always there at all hours of the day and night. A firefighter has to be able to shift from dead sleep and when the call comes through, he must be up, mentally prepared and completely focused on the job and performing it as expected, no matter what time of day, or how little sleep he has gotten. The average working conditions involves responding to residential areas to provide medical services, as this is the majority of the tasks of firefighters. According to the NFPA, 2 out of 3 calls a firefighter responds to are medical assist related calls. Firefighting has a large number of dangerous aspects in the job, as that is what the firefighters know and acknowledge when entering this field. There may times that become unpleasant, but when the job is done, you feel an overwhelming sense of satisfaction knowing that it was you that made the difference in a humans life. According to the Department of Labor, Bureau of Statistics, there were 307,000 job openings nationally in 2012. There is an expected 7% rise in opportunities between 2012 and 2020. Competition for firefighter positions is intense. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates 35,000 firefighters will be needed between now and 2016, but the firefighter job is popular and sought after, so there will be plenty of applicants for every open position. (U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov) Firefighting jobs are literally everywhere. Every city has at least one fireShow MoreRelatedSenior Project: Firefighting1641 Words   |  7 PagesOverview of Firefighting Brandon Rodgers Centennial High School Abstract This paper explores the different aspects in living a firefighter’s life. The topics that will be covered are the various types of technology when being a fireman, the different tactics you see on a day to day basis, the physical abilities one must be capable of, and the types of equipment used. The technology used today to help fight fires is extremely progressed and different than it was even just ten years agoRead MoreOrganization And Leadership Analysis : Assessment Codes2897 Words   |  12 PagesStudent Mentor Name: â€Æ' Table of Contents Organization Overview 3 Organization Description 3 Leadership Practices 3 Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Culture 3 SWOT Analysis 4 Organizational Strengths 4 Organizational Weaknesses 4 Organizational Opportunities 5 Organizational Threats 5 Leadership Evaluation 5 Leadership Strengths 6 Leadership Weaknesses 6 Recommendations for Leadership Development 6 References 7 â€Æ' Organization Overview As a graduate and employee of Eastern New MexicoRead MoreShips: Ship and Vessels4338 Words   |  18 Pagesfor more efficient ships, the end of long running and wasteful maritime conflicts, and the increased financial capacity of industrial powers created an avalanche of more specialized boats and ships. Ships built for entirely new functions, such as firefighting, rescue, and research, also began to appear. In light of this, classification of vessels by type or function can be difficult. Even using very broad functional classifications such as fishery, trade, military, and exploration fails to classifyRead More An Analysis of Human Resources Management at TNT Essay6070 Words   |  25 Pagesand building on their make it happen policy through clear direction, support and accountability.  · People: Recognising individual and team achievements, promoting from within wherever possible and encouraging everyone to enjoy rewarding careers that provide security and job satisfaction.  · Communication: Working hard at all times to encourage clear and honest two-way communications which foster teamwork, they must get through attitude and staff involvement through an open management Read MoreAgeism in Healthcare6728 Words   |  27 Pagespolicy initiatives and other potential avenues available to address the impending crisis in healthcare discrimination. Finally, this work concludes by addressing the impact of ageism in healthcare on my own professional and personal development. Overview of Aging Population Demographics In 2011, the elder statesmen of the baby boom generation hit age 65 (Federal Interagency Forum, 2012). This event highlights the dramatic changes currently taking place amongst the population demographics of theRead MoreIocl Organisation Study8242 Words   |  33 PagesTable of Contents Introduction 3 Overview 3 Geographic Coverage 3 Technology Solutions 4 Customer Focus 4 Expansion and Diversification 4 International Expansion 4 Business Environment and Competition 5 Industry Background and Market Structure 6 SWOT Analysis of IOCL 8 PEST Analysis of IOCL 9 Vision and Mission 10 Vision 10 Mission 12 Work Culture 12 Organizational Structure and Leadership 13 Hierarchical Structure 13 Leadership 13 UP Operations 13 Supply amp; Demand Management 14Read MoreA Pay Model and Defining Internal Alignment9320 Words   |  38 Pagesfurther investigation. Ethical behavior means the organization cares about how the results are achieved. Techniques The remaining portion of the pay model in Exhibit 1.5 shows the techniques that make up the pay system. The exhibit provides only an overview since techniques are discussed throughout the rest of the book. Techniques tie the four basic policies to the pay objectives. Internal alignment is typically established through a sequence of techniques that starts with analysis of the work doneRead MoreA Pay Model and Defining Internal Alignment9320 Words   |  38 Pagesfurther investigation. Ethical behavior means the organization cares about how the results are achieved. Techniques The remaining portion of the pay model in Exhibit 1.5 shows the techniques that make up the pay system. The exhibit provides only an overview since techniques are discussed throughout the rest of the book. Techniques tie the four basic policies to the pay objectives. Internal alignment is typically established through a sequence of techniques that starts with analysis of the work doneRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesobjectively know it Philosophical disputes around the role of the subjective in science Epistemological and ontolological disputes: how can we ever know the ‘truth’ and is there an ‘out there’? A few words of warning about the term postmodernism Overview of the structure and rationale of the book Chapter summaries Chapter 2: Modernist organization theory: back to the future? Chapter 3: Neo-modernist organization theory: putting people first? Chapter 4: Neo-modernist organization theory: surfing theRead MoreQuality Impr ovement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesContents PART INTRODUCTION 1 2.7 1 1 Examples of DMAIC 2.7.1 Litigation Documents 2.7.2 Improving On-Time Delivery 2.7.3 Improving Service Quality in a Bank 54 54 56 59 QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODERN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Chapter Overview and Learning Objectives 1.1 The Meaning of Quality and Quality Improvement 1.1.1 Dimensions of Quality 1.1.2 Quality Engineering Terminology 1.2 A Brief History of Quality Control and Improvement 1.3 Statistical Methods for Quality Control and Improvement

Zero Tolerance And Its Contribution On The School And...

Zero Tolerance and its Contribution to the School-to-Prison Pipeline A trend has developed in our society in recent decades. This concerning trend shows that African American youth are finding their way into the criminal justice system at a much higher rate than their peers. This trend starts in schools where students as young as fifth graders are being suspended from school for minor issues. Police officers are being used more and more to handle situations in the schools rather than teachers. Does this kind of discipline really help students of color or does it have the opposite effect? When taken out of school for disciplinary reasons, African American student’s behaviors do not improve but criminal activity is more likely. School†¦show more content†¦The literature agrees that these policies are not helping and are too extreme in response to student’s behaviors. According to Heitzeg (2009), The GFSA mandates that all schools that receive federal funding must 1) have policies to expel for a calendar year any student who bring s a firearm to school or to school zone, and 2) report that student to local law enforcement (pp. 8-9). The zero tolerance policy are too extreme Zero tolerance started as a way to keep guns out of schools until the staff at school started to use it as a way to report and punish non serious offences (Heitzeg, 2009). It use to be that only violent students that brought weapons such as guns were kicked out of school but as time went on, it become easy for schools to remove students for minor offences. It is easier to send students home and let their parents deal with them rather than spend valuable time and resources to try to solve the issues at hand. However, the impact of sending them home is that the students are frightened and shamed for just being kids. According to Bush (2014), an Ohio fifth grader was recently suspended from his elementary school for three days because he pointed his finger â€Å"in the shape of a gun† and pulled an imaginary trigger while playing with his friends; the later from the principal to the parents cited his finger as a â€Å"level 2 lookalike firearm† (as cited in Wilson,. 2014, p. 50). Such action on the kid’s part is widely accepted in otherShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of School Policies And Analysis Strategies1177 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"During the last twenty years, schools across the nation have dropped their values for suspending and expelling students. The subsequent trends in punitive policy enforcement are conspicuous in a great number of states. â€Å"The national number of suspensions has increased from approximately 1.7 million in 1974 to more than 3.3 million in 2006. More recently, during the 2009–2010 school year, a reported 3,081,240.55 children were susp ended at least once. With reference to expulsions nationally, in 2006Read MoreThe School to Prison Pipeline2688 Words   |  11 PagesThe School to Prison Pipeline: The Criminalization of American Students The School to Prison Pipeline: The Criminalization of American Students Kimberly N. Wright Western Governors University Introduction Your permanent record! The thing that was held over most of our heads when we were in school. Your teacher or maybe your parents threatened that your bad behavior was going to end up on your â€Å"permanent record† and ruin your life. We shrugged them off, thoughtRead MoreZero Tolerance Policies And School Discipline10009 Words   |  41 Pagesthat funnels millions of students from school into the juvenile justice system (Robinson, 2013). This dilemma, known as the school-to-prison pipeline is garnering much attention in Virginia due to the states continued issues in overcoming the phenomenon. This study explores zero tolerance policies and school discipline to better understand its effect in to bring awareness to an issue that may help in dismantling this pipeline. Particularly looking at those school divisions within Virginia that haveRead MoreRacial Disparities Of Black Students1542 Words   |  7 PagesFor decades there has been research conducted on the racial disproportion of black student’s suspension in schools compared to white students (Skiba et al., 2000; Skiba et al., 2002; Wald and Losen, 2003; Welsh and Payne, 2010; Kinsler, 2011; Wright et al., 2014). Recently, the Department of Education Office for Civil Rights (2014) study revealed that black students were three times more likely to be suspend and 3.5 times more likely than their white peers to be expelled. In the studies conductedRead MoreThe Alarming Rate Of Juvenile Incarceration Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesgovernment places some of these children in prisons, including adult prisons, leavin g them to fend for themselves. What is even more disturbing, is the institution that was created to provide students with an education, guidance and future is one of the leading causes of child incarceration besides poverty. This institution is school and this process is also known as the school-to-prison-pipeline. And for those children who do find themselves in prison, there is no help, no opportunities or properRead MoreThe Psychological Identity Of Black Children During The Historic Brown Vs. The Board Of Education Of Topeka1871 Words   |  8 PagesColumbia University where he would become the first black man to earn a Ph.D. in psychology (Kennedy, 2015). While at Columbia University, he was associated with Gunnar Myrdal, a Swedish economist known for both his study of race relations and his contributions to desegregation in the United States (Larson, 2014). Both Clarks are tied to the Civil Rights Movement and their work is aligned with the social reconstructionist curriculu m ideology of the time period. Both Clarks define the ideal of what W.ERead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; Lecturer, Charles University, Czech Republic, and Comenius University, Slovakia; Instructor, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesoccupational groups and industries will require more educated workers in the coming years. The number of jobs requiring advanced knowledge is expected to grow at a much more rapid rate than the nu mber of other jobs. This growth means that people without high school diplomas or appropriate college degrees increasingly will be at a disadvantage, as their employment opportunities are confined to the lowest-paying service jobs. In short, there is a growing gap between the knowledge and skills required by many jobsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespursuit of increased efï ¬ ciency. †¢ Identify the principles of administration and organization that underlie effective organizations. †¢ Trace the changes in theories about how managers should behave to motivate and control employees. †¢ Explain the contributions of management science to the efï ¬ cient use of organizational resources. †¢ Explain why the study of the external environment and its impact on an organization has become a central issue in management thought. 18 Jones−George: ContemporaryRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagescourts have held that organizations have the right to monitor employees’ email. Such monitoring can have disastrous effects on employee morale, however. On the other hand, it might provide legitimate information about group members’ individual contributions and productivity. b. To what extent should management monitor which Web sites employees visit? Students are likely to argue whether or not this should be done. One potential benefit that could be argued is the likelihood that if employees are

Video Gameplay Of Video Games - 1617 Words

Video Gaming has played a major factor for video gamers worldwide, this brings the expertise of video game developers to develop the next generation of video games. Video gamers(?) in Japan and the United States share the enjoyment in playing video games. What is the history behind video games? What are the prices of video games in Japanese? What are the prices of video games in the United States? How are American and Japanese video games are different? There are similarities and differences in both cultures in video games. The history behind video games all started with theis console, invented was a rectangular brown cube with two attached controllers, and its name was â€Å"Brown Box†. Ralph H. Baer was the inventor of this console, which it was released in 1967. He made it to where it can be connected to any ordinary television set. They were six games for this console including: Ping-Pong, tennis, handball, volleyball, chase games and a light-gun game. In 1975, Atari ma rketed the PONG arcade machine. In the same year Magnavox released Odyssey 100 and 200. Nintendo released its first console in Japan in 1977. In the 1980’s video games became very popular. Many people became bored of the PONG like games and wanted something new. They made games such as Pac-man (1980), Mario Bros (1983), The Legend of Zelda (1986), Final Fantasy (1987), Golden Axe (1988), etc. The video game industry soon shifted to making cartridge video games instead of built in games (this is a directShow MoreRelatedVideo Gameplay Of The Games Consoles2188 Words   |  9 Pagesthis essay is Games Consoles; this particular industry was chosen because I have a personal interest and knowledge of the market, which I believe, will help me towards analysing it. The Games consoles industry includes both static and portable consoles, static consoles being devices which are played through a television as opposed to portable devices which can be played on phones and tablets. Accordi ng to (Mintel 2014) there is currently a big three who dominate the static games consoles - XboxRead MoreGameplay Video Game Platforms For The Future1156 Words   |  5 PagesFormatting Video Game Platforms for the Future Video games have hugely impacted world culture since the late 1970’s. Video game companies like Atari and Midway helped lead this digital revolution by introducing arcade games such as Pong, Pac-Man, and Asteroids. Though Atari and Midway receive the most recognition for beginning this videogame revolution, none of this would have been possible if not for Japanese companies like Namco and Taito, who created the software for such games. Because of companiesRead MoreThe visual style of video game can very on a huge scale. Each game will have a different style1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe visual style of video game can very on a huge scale. Each game will have a different style including terrain, architecture objects. These combined will make each game unique. Video games have featured terrain since the earliest 3D games were made. Terrain is the entire landscape of the game this can include Hills, Plains Mountains. These would all be created to match the visual style of the game. E.g. if you were creating terrain for Skyrim it would be set in the past so the building wouldRead MoreHow Video Games Draw Us In and Hold Us Spellbound2382 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"A game is an opportunity to focus our energy, with relentless optimism, at something we’re good at (or getting better at) and enjoy. In other words, gameplay is the direct emotional opposite of depression.† ― Jane McGonigal, Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the Worldâ€Æ' ...But our princess is in another castle! - toad, Super Mario The implementation of player motivation within games has been experimented with since the dawn of games to produce the perfect formulaRead MorePlayer Modes Of Video Games1502 Words   |  7 PagesPlayer Modes in Video Games Player mode selection is not an option in every game, but there are specific player modes designed in all game genres to best serve every kind of gamer. Video games have become more popular in the past couple of decades, providing the uprising of advertisement and stores which cater to the hobby. Developers compete to pump out quantity and quality. Consequently, games have evolved beyond graphics alone. Now games come packed with achievements, leaderboards, side questsRead MoreArtificial Intelligence and Video Games Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagestold that we can create these brains and apply them to many other video game antagonists, like the ghosts from Pac Man or even the opposing team in Madden? These â€Å"artificial brains† are a product of a technology called artificial intelligence (AI). AI in video games can be applied to nearly anything, such as a boss as big as a city to a bird soaring in the sky. They are used to create a sense of realism in what that item in the game would actually do in real life. AI uses many sets of complex algorithmsRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1324 Words   |  6 PagesProblem of video game popularity causing a decrease in student achievement With todays rising generations being raised in a more technologically advanced world than ever before, video games are taking over more of our childrens lives. Many parents are left to worry and wonder about how these time syncs are affecting these future generations. With todays young generation of kids ages from thirteen and up averaging a staggering eight and a half hours of gameplay a week. Compared to the prosperousRead MoreVideo Games: Good or Bad? Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Games: Good or Bad? The battle of researchers, depicting whether video games are beneficial or detrimental to children seems to be a new but ongoing argument. With advances in technology and the overwhelming effect of video game entertainment, whether on a computer, video game system, or hand-held device, it is increasingly difficult for parents to monitor their children while occupying their time playing these games. There is more negative research versus positive especially since theRead MoreReaching the Next Level: The Rise of Video Game Popularity688 Words   |  3 Pages The video game industry has grown into a colossus of today’s business world over the past forty-three years. Constantly adapting to the changing market, in order to make a profit off of a popular form of entertainment, the video game industry is continually expanding. But, two very important questions, about the industry, exist: Why has the industry become so popular, and where will that popularity lead? By the trend that the industry has shown video game popularity is due in part to the industry’sRead MoreSynopsis Of Storytelling Games 1720 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: Storytelling in games gives the gamers the opportunity to be involved in the game, experience the characters, stimulate feelings like fear and excitement and let the player know they make situations happen and the choices they make affect the outcome as well as motivate them to continue on. Background: After reading parts of The Storytelling Animal, it was clear that storytelling is in everything. As an avid videogame player it was evident that many of the games that people play, like Battlefield

Functional Orthodontics free essay sample

Obviously, Functional orthodontic treatment is more complicated and more involved; however, if done correctly, it can enhance facial profile and facial appearance. Functional Orthodontic treatment can, not only enhance and harmonize facial appearance, but it can often help to alleviate multitude of medical problems. Vast bodies of literature research as well as Dr. Jefferson’s many years of clinical observations have shown that multitude of medical problems may be related to poor facial profiles, poor jaw alignments, and narrow mouths. By correctly harmonizing the facial-skeletal structures through Functional Orthodontic treatment, medical problems such as temporomandibular disorders, migraine headaches, neck-shoulder-back pains, dizziness, ringing in the ears, hearing problems, upper airway obstructions/mouth breathing, sleep disorders/sleep apnea, and other problems may be alleviated. There are many examples of problems associated with facial-skeletal disharmony and medical problems. For example, individuals with narrow mouths and high palatal vaults often have narrow and compressed sinuses. By expanding the mouth with expansion appliances, the sinuses widen and allow more efficient airflow. Other examples can be found with individuals who tend to have recessed, small weak chins. Oftentimes, the chins are recessed because of bad bite causing the lower jaw to bite too far back. This can cause the jaw joints to impinge against the skull joint area called glenoid fossa. This condition can cause temporomandibular disorder, migraine headaches, popping and clicking of the joints, and many other symptoms. In severe cases, damaged jaw joints can lock preventing individuals to open their mouths normally. Furthermore, when the jaw is recessed back, it can press against the throat area, which can cause airway obstruction in the throat. The inability to breathe efficiently can often cause individuals to suffer from sleep disorder/sleep apnea. Functional appliances can permanently reposition the lower jaw forward and allow more efficient airflow and proper oxygenation in the circulatory system. Upper airway obstruction/mouth breathing can cause sleep disorder/sleep apnea in both children and adults. Poor respiration and poor oxygen exchange can cause less concentration of oxygen in the circulatory system. The heart must pump and work harder to circulate the blood more to bring enough oxygen to vital organs such as the brain. This can cause many individuals to suffer from high blood pressure and heart disease. Over time, the overworked heart enlarges causing a condition called cor pulmonale. Many of these individual can die from heart attacks, often in their sleep. Sleep apnea can, not only negatively impact on total health and wellness and quality of life, but can reduce life expectancy on the average of 8 years. It can be life threatening. Children with mouth breathing problems often have sleep disorders. Sound sleep is crucial for growth and development. Growth hormones are produced during deep sleep, delta phase sleep. Without proper sleep, children are often small and slight. Poor sleep can also contribute to inattentiveness and poor academic performance. These children are often frustrated and exhibit behavior problems. They are often diagnosed with ADD and hyperactivity. Dr. Jefferson and his associates treat mouth-breathing problems. They can screen for mouth breathing in children and adults, and this condition can be treated. One may wonder why all orthodontic practitioners do not treat all patients with Functional Orthodontic treatments. It is because currently there are two schools of thoughts. One school teaches that abnormal facial and dental features are caused by genetics. These practitioners feel that the facial skeletal structures are genetically determined and therefore cannot be changed. The other school teaches that abnormal facial and dental features are caused by environmental factors. Since environmental factors, and not genetics, caused the abnormal facial and dental growth, then the facial-skeletal structures can be changed to a more ideal and harmonious shape and position. Dr. Jefferson and his associates firmly believes that many unattractive facial and dental features are predominantly caused by environmental factors, and he treats all his orthodontic patients with Functional Orthodontic therapy. Many patients seek orthodontic treatment because of crowding and crooked teeth. Oftentimes, the teeth are crowded because the mouth is narrow. Those practitioners that believe that the mouth is narrow due to genetics and believe that the shape of the mouth cannot be changed will often extract 4 teeth, usually four premolars to make room for the crowded teeth. This is called ‘’traditional 4 bicuspid extraction techniques. ’’ Those practitioners that believe environmental factors caused the mouth to become narrow will use expansion appliances to widen the mouth. When the mouth is widened, space is gained and the teeth then can be aligned. This is called â€Å"non-extraction , functional appliance technique. Some practitioners do not feel that orthodontic treatment can affect facial appearance and the health of the temporomandibular joints, while others feel otherwise. Dr. Jefferson feels that moving teeth alone and/or moving the upper and/or lower jaw with functional appliances can affect facial appearance and the health of the temporo-mandibular joints. Two patient cases will be presented here to show how different treatment technique may affect facial appearance and TM joints. Case 1 is a patient that was treated by traditional 4 bicuspid extraction by another orthodontic practitioner. Dentally, note the smallish, narrow smile. Facially, note her flattened profile. Her lower jaw is also pushed back and/or is vertically short (short face syndrome), causing the TM joints to compress against an area of the skull called glenoid fossa. This joint compression may cause temporomandibular disorder (TMD), headaches, dizziness, ringing in the ears, neck-back-shoulder problems, and many other problems. Case 1. Traditional, 4 bicuspid extractions tend to maintain a narrow face, and a flattened profile. Case 1. Note 4 bicuspids missing. Note that the dental arch and smile to be narrow. Case 2 is a patient treated by Dr. Jefferson using the Functional, non-extraction technique. This patient came to his office, so pretreatment and post treatment photographs can be shown. The following picture shows patients actual models. First set is pretreatment models. Note the narrow mouth and crooked teeth. The second set in white models show the upper and lower Schwarz appliance to widen the upper and lower jaws. The third set of models show post treatment models. Note widened mouth and nice alignment of teeth. Three sets of Schwarz appliance and braces were used to obtain this treatment result. No permanent teeth were extracted. 1st model, pretreatment. nd model, Schwarz appliance. 3rd model post treatment. Case 2, shows pretreatment facial and dental photographs. Case 2. Pretreatment facial photographs. Case 2. Pretreatment dental photographs. Case 2. Post treatment facial photographs, treated via Non-extraction Functional Orthodontics. Case 2. Post treatment dental photographs. Dr. Jefferson published an arti cle in the Australasian Dentist, describing a technique he developed to treat crowded teeth, retrusive lower jaw, and short face syndrome, using a technique called Fix-A-Nator. It is a non-extraction Functional Orthodontic therapy using a fixed functional appliance. This treatment does not use removable appliances. Please be advised that in no way, is Dr. Jefferson implying that one technique is better than the other. However, it is up to you, as potential orthodontic patients for yourself or your child, to know that there are different orthodontic techniques. There is enough information in the public domain, most notably through the internet, for you to read and find out which treatment technique is best for you. There are treatment options, and you should be well informed to make proper decision as to which treatment option is best for you or your child. Dr. Jefferson and his associates do the non-extraction, functional appliance technique. In some cases, he may recommend second molar replacements which has been found to be more stable with less relapse if patients stop wearing retainers. If you would like to learn more about Dr. Jeffersons treatment philosophy, please check out his other website: facialbeauty. org. If you would like to make an initial consultation with Dr. Jefferson, please call 609-261-1199. There is no charge for initial consultation.